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8 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

F MAYER APPARATUsroR MANUPAGTURE 0F OIL GAS.

No. 542,269. Patented July 9, 1895.

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ATTORNEY;

8 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

F. MAYBE. APPARATUS FORMANUFAGTURE 0F OIL GAS. No. 542,269.'

Patented July 9, 1895.

ATTORNIEHl 8 Sheets-Sheet 3. F. MAYER. APPARATUS POR MANUPAGTURE 0F OIL GAS. No. 542,269; Patented July 9, 1895.

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Patented July 9, 1895.

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I'. MAYBE.. APPARATUS PoR MANUFAGTURBOF GIL GAS. No. 542,269. Patented July 9, 1895.

' INVENTOR BY. l I

ATTQRNEYS lil A .9' a 'A WITNESS 1 (No Model.) A s sheets-sheet s.

P. MAYER. APPARATUS PORMANUPAGTURE OP OIL GAS.

No. 542,269. Patented July 9, 1895.

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F. MAYBE.

APPARATUS POR MANUPAGTURB 0F OIL GAS'.

No, 542,269. l Patented July 9, 1895.

FL'g 8 f l/ l' flzlc 'Figg L "f A d uw @W WITNESS 1 (No Model.) 8 Sheets--Sheet 8. 1:". MAYBR. APPARATUS FOR MANUFAGTURE 0F OIL GAS". No. 542,269.

Patented July 9, 1895.

751ml# l INVENTOR ATTORNEYS UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FREDERICK MAYER, oFBALT11vroRE,.MARYLAND.

APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURE OF OIL-GAS.

SPEGIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent N0. 542,269, dated July 9, 1895.

Application tiled December 1lI 1894. Serial No. 531,511. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, FREDERICKMAYER, o the city of Baltimore, in` the State of Maryland, have invented certain Improvements in Apparatus for the Manufacture of Oil-Gas, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the carburetin g of water-gas or the enriching of illuminatinggas of a low illuminating power, as will hereinafter fully appear.

In the description of the said invention which follows reference is made to the accompanying drawings, forming a part hereofand in which- Figure l is an exterior side View of the ap,- paratus. Fig. 2 is an exterior front view. Fig.I 3 isa central section of Fig. 2, taken on the dotted line com. Fig. 4 is asection of Fig. 1, takenon the dotted line y y. Fig. 5 is a section of Fig. l, taken on the dotted line za. Fig. 6 is an exterior plan of the apparatus. Fig. 7 is a sectional plan taken on the dotted line Fig. Sis a sectional plan taken on the dotted line yy. Fig. 9 is a sectional plan taken on the dotted line z a. Fig. 10 is a sectional plan taken on the dotted line m2 rc2. Figs. 1lv to 15, inclusive, are enlarged details hereinafter described.

Referring now to the drawings, A is the brickwork-casing of the apparatus, strengthened and supported by the iron sheathing o..

B is the furnace, and b the grate-bars inthe furnace.

C is abrickwo'rk arch situated over the furnace, having openings c for the passage of carbonie oxide. Immediately above this arch the carbonio oxide meets with a secondary supply of air and the products of combustion ascend to the retort-chamber hereinafter referred to.

D D are vertical retorts situated in the retort-chamber E. These retorts project through the brickwork A and have suitable lids d hinged to levers e, whereby the lids are held tightly in place. The lower ends of the ,retorts are turned outward at a right angle, and closed by means of lids g, similar to those d, before referred to. The horizontal portion f' of each retort has a take-off pipe h, of ordinaryl construction, leading to a hydraulic main j, of well-known character.

Six retorts are shown in the retort-chamber,

and they are grouped together so as to occupy, with their connections,'the entire chamber.

The retorts D are made in, say, three lengths, and the two lower lengths have each three wings k, which are cut away at certain points to form spaces Z for the passage of the products of combustion from the furnace. (See, particularly, Figs. 3, 4, and 7.) Between the two rows of retorts are plates m, of such character, size, and shape that when connected or placed in position around the retorts there are left between them spaces n and o, the former being rectangular and the latter circular, as seen from either the top or bottom. The last-named spaces n and o are for the upward passage of the products of combustion and the ones Zfor the downward passage of the same. I From the foregoing description it will be seen that the retorts are entirely enveloped by the hot products of combustion from the furnace, the heat ascending through the space between the two rows of retorts and descending through the spaces b2 between the retorts and the outer wall of the brickwork casing A.

Some of the ascending products escape laterally from the central spaces n and o to the spaces b2, between the retorts and brickwork, through the openings Z; but this movement of a portion of the products does not interfere with their general direction, as described.

Notwithstanding the length of the retorts and the direction of the currents of the products of combustion, as specified, the hottest products will collect at the highest point. Consequently the upper ends of the retorts are hotter, or, rather, receive more heat, than the lower ones.

From the foregoing statement it must not be understood that the upper ends of the retorts, while the apparatus is in operation, are

maintained at a much higher temperature than the remaining portions, as the excess of heat imparted to them is transmitted to or carried off by the hydrocarbon vapor, which is admitted to the retorts in a comparatively cool condition, as hereinafter more particularly described.

Referring now particularly to Figs-3 and 10, it will be seen that in the brickwork in the rear of the furnace are formed primaryv airducts 10, which have branches q leading rearward to a space r and then forward to a second space s, from which lead the ducts ,having branches u, which terminate at the ashpit below the grate-bars.

The direction taken by the primary air-currents, which eiect the generation of carbonio oxide in the furnace, is well shown by the arrows.

The movement of or the direction taken by the various gases, together with the products of combustion and the primary and secondary air, is designated by the various arrows shown on Sheet 4.

In connection with the primary air-ducts just described are the secondary air-ducts. (Shown particularly in Figs. 3 and 10.) The secondary air enters at a', passes rearward along the ducts b to the space c', thence returning in a forward direction through the ducts d', then rises through the duct h2, from which it passes into chamber d4, thence to the channel f4 to the ducts f', which terminate immediately above the openings o in the arch C. By this means the secondary air, the course of which is shown by arrows, combines with the carbonio oxide issuing fromthe furnace and edects complete combustion, the resultant products passing upward and returning downward, as before described. The said products now pass into the'ues c2, from which they finally escape to the regenerator through branch fines d2. The flues d2 are in commu-` nication with a chamber f2, from which the ilues g2 lead to asecond chamber h5. (Shown in dotted lines.) From this second chamber h2 extendother tlues ,72 in communication with a third chamber 7a2. From the lower end of this third chamber 7a2 lead flues m2, extendi ing to side channels n2, whichv have openings o2, leading to a flue 04 in communication with the oil-vaporizing chamber A2. Within the oil-vaporizing chamber are partitions p2, arranged so that each alternate one projects from the partition-wall H and stops short of the rear wall q2, and the intermediate ones eX- tend from the rear Wall toward, but stop short of, the partition-wall H. By this arrangement a circuitous passage is formed for the ascent of the products of combustion through the chamber. The products of combustion on leaving the flue o4 enter the lowest one of the spaces r2, formed by the partitions p2, and pass through the circuitous passage described, finally escaping into the stack B2.

C2 C2 are pipes extending transversely through the oil-vaporizing chamber A2, into which oil, or rather some hydrocarbon, is introduced to be vaporized. These pipes are arranged in gangs, and each gang extends from the top to the bottom of the chamber A2. The pipes of each gang are inclined, so that the oil and vapor have a regular descent, and they are connected together at the ends, eX- teriorly of the brickwork, by suitable fittings, short pipes, and unions, as shown particularly in Figs. 1 and 5. The objectin extending the vaporizing-pipes to the outside of the brickwork is to admit of the .pipes being readily cleaned and repaired.

The portions ot' the gang-pipes and their connections which project from the brickwork A are covered by sheet-iron boxes C2, fastened to the iron sheating a, to retard radiation of heat. An enlarged view ot' a portion ot' one of' these boxes is shown in Fig. 15.

Fig. 5 shows one complete gang of Vaporizing-pipes in full lines. These pipes C2 are covered where they pass through the chamber A2, so that they will not be injured by contact with the products of combustion, and also that the heat imparted to them may be retained. All the gang-pipes terminate in a manifold D2, which is in communication with a pipe E2 by means of a branch pipe F2, built in the partition-wall I-I. The upper end of the pipe E2 is united with a manifold G2, having branch pipes H2,leadiug to the retorts D. The oilvapor is therefore introduced into the retorts at their upper and hottest ends.

Referring now particularly to Figs. ll, l2, 13, and 14, which illustrate, on an enlarged scale, the apparatus which is used to intro--` duce the hydrocarbon to the vaporizingpipes C2, J2 is a box into the lower side of which the oil-vaporizng pipes C2 enter.

K2 is a hydrocarbon-suppl y pipe suspended within the box J2 by means of bolts a2, having cross-heads b2 at the outer ends, which are supported by other bolts cl2, which project from the upper side of the box J2. The central bolts a2 pass through stuffing-boxes e2, to

prevent escape of gas, and the bolts cl2 have lock-nuts f2, whereby the length of projection of the central bolt a2 within the box may be adjusted. The object in supporting the pipe K2 as described is to allow of the said pipe being leveled within the box.

M2 is a pipe leading from a suitable tank containing hydrocarbon, (not shown,) having a branch g2, which passes through a stufngboX h2 and enters the supplypipe K. Between the pipeM2 and the branch g2 is a valve 'is of any appropriate construction, for regulating the flow of the hydrocarbon to the supply-pipe K2. l

In the top of the supply-pipe K2 are slots ja, through which the hydrocarbon overflows to the outside of the said pipe, and at the bottom of the said pipe are knife-edged angular plates 7c3, one of which is situated directly over each pipe C2. The oil in its overflow trickles down to the knife-edged plates, and from their points drops into the Vaporizing-pipes C2; thence passes down the several gangs of vaporizing-pi pes, as before described, in the form of vapor to the retorts, where, being subjected to an intense heat, it is changed into a fixed gas, which is ultimately discharged into the hydraulic main j, where it is mixed with water-gas, or any other gas of low illuminating power, introduced into the hydraulic main through the pipes a, which lead in the present case from a water gas generator. (Not shown.)

The carbureted gas is drawn from the hydraulic main through the pipe A4.

From the foregoing description it will be understood that the greatest heat in the vaporizing-chamber is at the bottom. Consequently the upper ends of the vaporizing-pipes are cooler than the lower ones. By introducing the hydrocarbon into the coolest endvof the pipes the vaporizing operation is at first slow, and gradually increases as the oil and Vapor descend until it is fully accomplished before passing into the retorts.

Theintroduction of the hydrocarbon-vapor to the retorts has a tendency to cool the ends of the retorts rst receiving them, and, indeed, in horizontally-placed retorts, this cooling effect is so considerable as to render, in some cases, about one-third of their length inoperative for the purpose; but in vertical retorts arranged as describedfthat is to say, so that their upper ends, which are subjected to the cooling influence of the vapor, receive the greatest heat, and therefore the cooling tendency of the vapor is neutralized, and the whole length of the retorts becomes effective in the operation of changing the hydrocarbon-Vapor into a fixed gas.

In case oil, instead of coke or coal, is to be used as a fuel the oil is injected through a pipe a by means of a blast introduced through the pipes b5, and the openings c in the arch C over the furnace are closed With fire-brick.

Instead of introducing the water-gas into the hydraulic main, as described, it may be passed directly into the box J2 through a pipe J3, and in such a case the water-gas will traverse the vvaporizing-pipes in connection with the hydrocarbon-vapor, and finally both will enter the upper ends of the retorts, from the bottom of which the carbureted gas is drawn to the hydraulic main;

I claim as my inventionl. In an apparatus for carbureting water gas, the combination of a retort chambercon.` taining a series of vertical retorts, a furnace situated under the retort chamber and separated from it by a perforated arch, a body of brickwork in the rear of the furnace having circuitous passages therein through which the products-of combustion from theretort chamber pass to heat it, a vaporizing chamber erected over the said brickwork having vcircuitous passages therein, which form a conthe said vaporizing chamber, leading ultimately to the upper ends of the retorts, to convey hydro-carbon vapors from the top of the vaporizing chamber to the top of the retorts, substantially as specified:

2. In an apparatus for carbureting water gas, a furnace covered by a perforated arch, combined with a retort chamber erected over the said arch, a system of vertical retorts situated in the said retort chamber, having wings which are cut away at certain points to give continuity to the various spaces exterior of the retorts and between them and the brickwork of the retort chamber, and plates which form partitions in the retort chamber between the rows of retorts therein, provided with spaces or openings through which the products of combustion ascend to the upper portion ofthe retort chamber, substantially as specified. I

3. In an apparatus for carbureting water gas, the combination of a vaporizing chamber and a series of vaporizing pipes within the said chamber with their ends projecting from it, a box to which the ends of the said vaporizing pipes are connected, a supply pipe supported within the said box having knife-edged, or conducting plates, the points of which are over the ends of the said pipes, and overiow apertures, and a pipe for conveying hydrocarbon to the said supply pi pe,substantially as specified.

4. In an apparatus for carbureting water gas, the combination of aseries of vaporizing pipes connected to a box at their ends, a supply pipe in the said box having knife-edged 'triangular plates on its lower side with the points over the ends of the said vaporizing pipes, a conveying pipe to feed the supply pipe, and sustaining bolts which pass through stufng boxes in the top of the said box and are adjustable in length whereby the said supply pipe may be leveled in the said boxy without reference to its position, substantially as specified.

FREDERICK MAYER.

Witnesses WM. T. HOWARD, DANL. FISHER. 

